Quick Answer
Okay, so here's the quick version on fixing your brick or stone. Nine times out of ten, you're seeing cracked mortar or maybe a few crumbly bricks because water's getting in and wreaking havoc, especially with freeze-thaw cycles. For small hairline cracks or minor mortar deterioration, you can often tackle some DIY tuckpointing for under $150 in materials. However, for anything more significant like large cracks, widespread spalling, a bowing wall, or bricks that are actually falling apart, it's crucial to call a professional. Such repairs can range from a few hundred dollars for localized issues to several thousands or even tens of thousands for serious structural repairs or entire wall repointing/rebuilds.
Common Symptoms
Possible Causes
Step-by-Step Diagnosis
Step 1
Visual Inspection: Carefully examine the entire masonry surface for visible cracks, spalling, missing mortar, or loose bricks. Note the location, size, and pattern of distress.
Step 2
Tap Test: Gently tap bricks with a rubber mallet or the handle of a trowel. A hollow sound can indicate a delaminated or detached brick.
Step 3
Mortar Joint Assessment: Scrape at mortar joints with a screwdriver or awl to check for softness, crumbling, or excessive powdering. Compare affected areas to seemingly sound areas.
Step 4
Water Test: On a dry day, spray a small section of wall with a hose for 15-30 minutes. Observe if water penetrates the wall or if new stains appear on interior surfaces.
Step 5
Level and Plumb Check: Use a level and plumb bob to check for any bowing, leaning, or bulging in walls.
Step 6
Foundation Inspection: Examine the foundation directly below and adjacent to compromised masonry for signs of settlement or cracking.
Step 7
Drainage Assessment: Check to ensure proper drainage away from the foundation and walls.
Step 8
Material Identification: If possible, identify the type of brick and mortar to ensure compatible repair materials.
DIY vs Professional Costs
| Repair Type | DIY Cost | Professional Cost | Time Required |
|---|---|---|---|
Minor Tuckpointing (small areas, <10 sq ft) | $50-150 | $350-750 | 4-8 hours |
Replacing 1-5 Loose/Spalled Bricks | $75-200 | $350-800 | 3-6 hours |
Major Repointing/Rebuild (entire wall/chimney) | N/A | $3,000 - $25,000+ | Days to Weeks |
Sealing/Waterproofing | $100-300 | $750 - $2,500 | 1 day |
When to Call a Professional Masonry
- When cracks are wider than 1/4 inch or you can fit a pencil inside.
- If you see any masonry walls that are bowing, bulging, or leaning.
- When you find stair-step or diagonal cracks in the brickwork, especially near foundation corners or windows.
- When more than just a handful of bricks need to be replaced.
- If you have a persistent water leak that keeps coming back, even after patching.
- When the problem is widespread across a large section of a wall or the entire house.
- If you don't own the right tools (angle grinder, diamond blade, pointing trowels) or don't feel safe working on a ladder or roof.
Prevention Tips
- Ensure proper drainage away from the foundation (maintain gutters, downspouts, and grading).
- Regularly inspect masonry for early signs of damage (cracks, missing mortar).
- Keep vegetation, especially vines and large shrubs, away from masonry walls.
- Seal new or repaired mortar joints to protect against moisture intrusion after consulting a pro.
- Use proper de-icing salts (chloride-free) on nearby pavements to prevent damage.
- Periodically clean masonry to remove dirt and algae that can hold moisture.
- Apply a breathable water repellent coating after repairs if recommended by a professional.
Frequently Asked Questions
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