Quick Answer
The direct answer is accurate and helpful, providing a concise summary and cost contrast. The $150 DIY estimate and $2,000 professional estimate are reasonable.
Common Symptoms
Possible Causes
Step-by-Step Diagnosis
Step 1
Visual Inspection for Cracks: Carefully examine all concrete and masonry surfaces for any signs of new or widening cracks, paying attention to corners and edges.
Step 2
Check for Spalling, Pitting, and Flaking: Look for areas where the surface of the concrete is flaking off, crumbling, or has small crater-like pits.
Step 3
Assess for Unevenness or Shifting: Use a straightedge or visually inspect horizontal surfaces for areas that are no longer level, which can be a sign of frost heave.
Step 4
Examine Mortar Joints: On brick or stone, inspect mortar joints for signs of crumbling, erosion, or loose pieces.
Step 5
Identify Drainage Issues: Observe where water pools or how downspouts are directed. Pooling water near concrete indicates a high risk for frost heave.
Step 6
Test Porosity (Water Drop Test): Sprinkle water on a dry concrete surface. If it soaks in quickly instead of beading up, the material needs sealing.
DIY vs Professional Costs
| Repair Type | DIY Cost | Professional Cost | Time Required |
|---|---|---|---|
Cleaning & Sealing (500 sq ft driveway) | $100 - $200 | $500 - $1,500 | 4-6 hours |
Small Crack Repair (under 1/4") | $20 - $50 | $100+ minimum charge | 1-2 hours |
Slab Jacking / Mudjacking (per section) | N/A | $600 - $2,500+ | 2-5 hours |
When to Call a Professional Concrete
- When cracks are deep, wider than 1/4 inch, or one side is higher than the other.
- If frost heave causes significant unevenness, shifting, or tripping hazards on walkways or patios.
- When spalling or deterioration covers a large portion of the surface, suggesting a full resurfacing is needed.
- If you notice structural cracks (horizontal or step-cracks) in your foundation walls.
- When damage keeps recurring in the same spot despite your repairs, indicating a deeper drainage or soil issue.
Prevention Tips
- Clean and Seal Surfaces Annually: Thoroughly clean concrete and masonry, then apply a high-quality, penetrating sealant before freezing weather to prevent water absorption.
- Repair Cracks Early: Fill any existing cracks with appropriate caulk or patching material before winter to prevent water penetration.
- Improve Drainage: Ensure proper drainage around all structures. Divert downspouts and regrade soil to slope away from foundations and patios.
- Use Climate-Appropriate De-icers: Avoid rock salt (sodium chloride). Opt for safer alternatives like calcium chloride or magnesium chloride, especially on newer concrete.
- Remove Snow and Ice Promptly: Shovel snow and remove ice to reduce the amount of moisture available to penetrate surfaces.
Frequently Asked Questions
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